| Biology 449 - Animal Physiology | Fall 2006 |
Answers shown in italics
Multiple choice: As always, choose the best answer for each multiple-choice question. Answer on your scantron form. Each question is worth 3 points.
1. Glucose is an example of a
a. monosaccharide.
b. disaccharide.
c. simple carbohydrate.
d. complex carbohydrate.
e. Two of the above. (a and c)
2. The chemical reaction that occurs inside parietal cells to produce hydrogen ions also produces
a. bicarbonate ions.
b. carbon dioxide.
c. chloride ions.
d. potassium ions.
e. mucus.
3. The presence of fats and proteins in the small intestine most strongly promotes the release of the hormone
a. cholecystokinin.
b. chymotrypsin.
c. enterokinase.
d. gastrin.
e. secretin.
4. Proteases are prevented from damaging the pancreas prior to secretion because
a. the pancreatic glands are lined with mucus.
b. pancreatic tissue has unique protein structures that are not affected by proteases.
c. proteases are not manufactured until immediately before secretion.
d. proteases are not activated until after they are secreted.
e. The pancreas does not secrete proteases.
5. Bile salts are produced by the
a. gall bladder.
b. liver.
c. pancreas.
d. small intensine.
e. sphincter of Oddi.
6. Fatty acids move across the apical membrane of the small intestine’s epithelium via
a. simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer.
b. channel proteins.
c. facilitated diffusion by carrier proteins.
d. primary active transport.
e. cotransport with Na+ (secondary active transport).
7. Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter occurs in direct response to
a. peristalsis in the large intestine.
b. distension of the rectum.
c. contraction of the external anal sphincter.
d. release of the hormone colononin.
e. input from the central nervous system (conscious decision).
8. After traveling though the hepatic portal vein, the next capillary bed encountered by a red blood cell would be in the
a. gastrointestinal tract.
b. kidney.
c. liver.
d. lungs.
e. some other tissue.
9. During the post-absorptive state, the only type of tissue to continue to use glucose as its primary source of fuel is
a. renal (kidney).
b. hepatic (liver).
c. neural.
d. Two of the above.
e. All of the above.
10. Leptin levels in a person are expected to increase as
a. fat stores increase.
b. average meal size increases.
c. metabolic rate increases.
d. Two of the above (a and b)
e. All of the above.
d was the intended answer, but since c results from increased leptin, e was accepted
11. The region of the kidney with a high concentration interstitial fluid is the
a. adrenal cortex.
b. adrenal medulla.
c. renal cortex.
d. renal medulla.
e. ureter.
12. The initial formation of urine from blood at the glomerulus is driven by
a. the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
b. the pumping action of the podocytes.
c. the tubular suction in the nephron.
d. the overall osmotic difference between the blood and urine.
e. the local osmotic gradient created by active transport of Na+ into paracellular spaces.
13. The concentration of a substance Q is found to be 10 mg/ml in the primary urine (the fluid in Bowman’s capsule) and also 10 mg/ml in the final urine (the fluid leaving the collecting duct). Assuming this kidney is functioning normally, then Q is being
a. reabsorbed.
b. secreted.
c. neither reabsorbed nor secreted.
d. Either a or c could be true.
e. Either b or c could be true.
14. Urea leaves the proximal tubule because
a. it is moved by primary active transport.
b. it is moved by cotransport with Na+.
c. it is carried along with the water that leaves the nephron by bulk flow.
d. its concentration is higher in the tubule than in the interstitial fluid.
e. an electrical potential builds up across the apical membrane.
15. In comparison to the volume per minute of urine entering the descending loop of Henle, the urine entering the distal tubule
a. has a lower volume per minute due to a loss of water in the descending limb.
b. has a lower volume per minute due to a loss of water in the ascending limb.
c. has a higher volume per minute due to a gain of water in the descending limb.
d. has a lower volume per minute due to a gain of water in the ascending limb.
e. has the same volume per minute.
16. The primary function of the collecting duct is to
a. store urine until it is released into the bladder.
b. reabsorb any remaining glucose or amino acids from the urine.
c. secrete toxins into the urine.
d. adjust the final concentration of the urine.
e. maintain the osmotic gradient in the kidney.
17. Anti-diuretic hormone has its effect by promoting
a. the insertion of aquaporins into the membranes of the nephrons’ epithelial cells.
b. the removal of aquaporins from the membranes of the nephrons’ epithelial cells.
c. the insertion of sodium channels into the membranes of the nephrons’ epithelial cells.
d. the removal of sodium channels from the membranes of the nephrons’ epithelial cells.
e. Two of the above.
18. The diameter of the afferent arterioles of the kidney’s glomeruli is controlled by
a. myogenic regulation.
b. paracrine agents released by the macula densa.
c. sympathetic innervation.
d. Two of the above.
e. All of the above.
19. Blood volume affects blood pressure through its direct effects on
a. heart rate.
b. stroke volume.
c. total peripheral resistance.
d. Two of the above.
e. All of the above.
20. People with severe allergies can sometimes go into anaphylactic shock, in which exposure to an allergen causes a sudden, precipitous drop in blood pressure. Given what you know about the factors affecting blood pressure, this condition could result from
a. an increase in heart rate.
b. an increase in venous tone.
c. an increase in vasodilation.
d. an increase in bronchiole constriction.
e. an increase in respiration rate.